Treatment and prevention of ocular motility restrictions with amniotic membrane transplantation.

We intend to investigate the indications, complications, and final results of amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation in ocular motility restrictions. Surgeons have tried to prevent restrictive adhesions between the extraocular muscles and surrounding tissues because they cause unpredictable results. AM transplantation wrapping extraocular musculature has been proposed as a technique with good results for this purpose. A search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial, Lilac and Ibecs databases, using the indexed terms" amnion", "strabismus," "strabismus-subheading-surgery" and "ocular motility disorders." The only exclusion criteria were studies conducted in non-humans or studies with insufficient data on eye motility. No study was discarded for analysis because of language, age or methodology. This review includes 165 patients (223 eyes), with a mean follow-up of 11.49 months. The mean age was 21 years old, 47% were males and 57% were children. 14 studies conducted in humans were eligible: 4 single case, 8 case series, 1 cohort study and 1 randomized clinical trial. In the vast majority of these papers, use of AM transplantation to treat (12 out of 14 papers) or either to prevent (2 out of 14 papers) motility restrictions or restrictive strabismus secondary to muscular adhesions. All the studies except one presents very favorable results improving postsurgical eye motility. The cryopreservation method was more widely used, presenting a good safety profile with few adverse effects in the short and medium term. Significant improvement was reported in most patients after the use of amniotic membrane transplantation to treat or prevent ocular motility limitations. Very few complications or adverse effects were documented.

Valoración de la formación de postimágenes mediante una nueva aplicación informática en pacientes con neuropatías ópticas desmielinizantes / Appraisal of the formation of afterimages by means of a new computer application in patients with demyelinating optic neuropathies

Introducción. En las neuritis ópticas se afecta, entre otras funciones visuales, la percepción del color. La mayoría de las pruebas existentes para evaluar discromatopsias se basa en evaluar el matiz, pero no se ha estudiado clínicamente la formación de postimágenes en la retina en estos pacientes. Objetivo. Evaluar la discromatopsia adquirida en las neuritis ópticas desmielinizantes mediante la formación de postimágenes en la retina. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal, de casos y controles. Los casos son pacientes con al menos un episodio de neuritis óptica y esclerosis múltiple confirmada. Se seleccionó un control sano por cada caso, emparejado por edad y sexo. La variable principal es la capacidad de ver postimágenes tras saturar los fotorreceptores retinianos. Para evaluar dicho fenómeno se desarrolló una aplicación informática específica. Resultados. La muestra comprende 30 casos y 30 controles (63% mujeres; edad media: 33 años; rango: 18-48 años). Los casos mostraron menor probabilidad de ver la postimagen (el 36,6% de los casos y ningún control no veían postimagen) y, en caso de verla, una menor permanencia de ella. La curva ROC muestra una sensibilidad del 86,3% y una especificidad del 83,3%. La odds ratio era de 5 (intervalo de confianza al 95%: 2,21-11,3) para la probabilidad de ver la postimagen en los controles frente a los casos. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con al menos un episodio de neuritis óptica presentan una menor capacidad de observar postimágenes, por lo que la prueba es útil para la evaluación y el seguimiento del daño funcional en neuropatías ópticas desmielinizantes (AU)

Introduction. The perception of colour is one of the visual functions affected by optic neuritis. Most of the tests currently available for evaluating dichromatism are based on assessing the hue, but no clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the formation of afterimages on the retina of these patients. Aims. To evaluate the dichromatism acquired in demyelinating optic neuritis by means of the formation of afterimages on the retina. Subjects and methods. This is an observation-based, cross-sectional, case-control study. The cases are patients with at least one bout of optic neuritis and confirmed multiple sclerosis. A healthy age- and sex-paired control was selected for each case. The main variable is the capacity to see afterimages after saturation of the retinal photoreceptor cells. A specific computer application was developed to evaluate this phenomenon. Results. The sample consisted of 30 cases and 30 controls (63% females; mean age: 33 years; range: 18-48 years). The cases showed less probability of seeing the afterimage (36.6% of the cases, while none of the controls failed to see an afterimage) and, if it was seen, it remained for less time. The ROC curve shows a sensitivity of 86.3% and a specificity of 83.3%. The odds ratio was 5 (95% confidence interval: 2.21-11.3) for the probability of seeing the afterimage in controls versus cases. Conclusions. Patients with at least one episode of optic neuritis presented a lower capacity to observe afterimages. The test is therefore useful in the assessment and follow-up of functional damage in demyelinating optic neuropathies (AU)